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hcf

Master HCF

Learn the secrets of rapid mental computation used in competitive exams. These strategies will help you bypass traditional paper-and-pencil methods.

hcf

Euclidean Algorithm

HCF(a,b) = HCF(b, a mod b). Repeatedly take the remainder until it is 0. The last non-zero value is the HCF.

Example
HCF(48,18): 48 mod 18=12, 18 mod 12=6, 12 mod 6=0 → HCF=6
hcf

List common factors

List all factors of both numbers and find the largest they share.

Example
HCF(12,8): factors of 12={1,2,3,4,6,12}, of 8={1,2,4,8}. Largest common = 4
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Prime factorisation method

Break both numbers into prime factors. Take the lowest power of each prime that appears in BOTH.

Example
HCF(36,48): 36=2²×3², 48=2⁴×3. Take 2²×3 = 12
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HCF × LCM = a × b

A key identity: HCF(a,b) × LCM(a,b) = a × b. Use it to find HCF if LCM is known.

Example
a=6, b=10, LCM=30. HCF = (6×10)/30 = 2
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Subtract method for close numbers

HCF(a,b) = HCF(a−b, b) when a > b. Useful when numbers are close together.

Example
HCF(99, 96): HCF(3, 96)=HCF(3, 0)=3